Original paper
Parasitism of Eggs in Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) by Telenomus acrobates (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) in Apple Ochards in Van,Turkey <SMAIL KASAP & REMZI ATLIHAN
[Elma Bahçelerinde Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) Yumurtalarinin Telenomus acrobates (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) Tarafindan Parazitlenmesi]
Mail Kasap & Remzi Atlihan
published: 7/4/2007
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ArtNo.: ESP146003001004
Abstract
A two year study of the parasitoids attacking Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens 1836) in apple orchards in the Van region, Turkey, revealed the activity of the egg and pupal parasitoids Telenomus acrobates Giard 1895 (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) and Dichrogaster sp (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), respectively. In general,the population of C carnea increases after the first week of July in the apple orchards studied and parasitoids migrate to the orchards after the arrival of the predator, then both of them remain in the orchards throughout the season. Fluctuations in numbers of parasitized eggs generally follow the abundance of C carnea eggs. Overall, seasonal egg parasitism varied between 3.9 % and 55.6 % depending on the orchards and the years. Compared with the egg parasitism, low numbers of Dichrogaster sp were obtained from the C carnea pupae and the pupal parasitism was 9.5 % throughout the season.According to our results, the parasitism affected the effectiveness of C carnea. However, additional factors affecting the effectiveness of green lacewing against pests,and the effects of treatments against it and its natural enemies should be evaluated in IPM programs.
Abstract (French)
Van ili (Türkiye) elma bahçelerinde, Telenomus acrobates Giard 1895 (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) and Dichrogaster sp (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)'in iki yillik bir süre içerisinde Chrysoperla carnea Stephens (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)'nin yumurta ve pupalari üzerinde parazitleme gücü üzerine çaliflilmifltir.Elma bahçelerinde, C carnea'nin populasyonu temmuzun ilk haftasindan sonra artmifl, parazitler ise bu tarihten sonra bahçeye göç etmifltir ve sezon süresince bahçe içerisinde kalmifltir. Parazitlenmifl yumurtalarin sayisindaki dalgalanmalar, genellikle C carnea yumurtalarinin sayisini takip etmifltir.Sezon boyunca toplam yumurta parazitlenmesi, yillara ve bahçelere ba¤li olarak 3.9 % ile 55.6 % arasinda de¤iflmifltir. Yumurta parazitlenmesi ile karflilafltirdi¤imiz zaman,C carnea pupalarindan oldukça düflük sayida pupa paraziti Dichrogaster sp saptanmifltir ve pupa parazitlenmesi 9.5 % olarak elde edilmifltir. Çaliflmamizin sonuçlarina göre,parazitleme C carnea'nin etkinli¤ini etkilemektedir. Bununla birlikte,tüm savafl pro¤ramlari içerisinde C carnea'nin zararlilara karfli, etkinli¤ini etkileyen di¤er faktörler ve avci böce¤e ve onun do¤al düflmanlarina karfli yapilan muamelelerin etkisi hep birlikte de¤erlendirilmelidir.
Keywords
Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens 1836) • Dichrogaster sp • Telenomus acrobates Giard 1895 • apple orchards • egg parasitism