
Strömung, Stoff- und Wärmetransport im Kluftgestein
1997. XVI, 263 Seiten, 146 Abbildungen, 72 Tabellen, 17x24cm, 700 g
Language: Deutsch
ISBN 978-3-443-01035-5, brosch., price: 46.00 €
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Keywords
jointed rocks • hydrogeology • groundwater movement • transport
Contents
Synopsis top ↑
Kolditz aims to fill this gap and presents a modern and thorough discussion of mathematical modelling of flow and transport of matter and heat in fractured rocks. The ability to model the migration of groundwater and the transport of contaminants has become a crucial necessity in many practical applications of hydrology (also civil engineering, hydrogeology, geothermal problems). On one hand, rocks with a low hydraulic conductivity (aquitards, aquicludes) are important for the construction of landfills, but the same low-conductivity rocks cause problems where wells are drilled (high hydraulic conductivities are desirable there).
Fractures can cause high hydraulic conductivities, providing fast pathways for transport of matter; hence they can dominate the hydraulic properties of rocks. A holistic determination of hydraulic properties of rocks must consider not only fractures, but secondary fracture systems (e.g.\ in crystalline rocks) and bulk rock porosities as well. Accurate computation of hydraulic properties requires suitable models to describe the rock structure and must take into account both bulk porosity and fracture-bound water transport. A special set of parameters, often difficult to determine, is required to describe the generally complex hydraulic properties of real rocks.
Numerical simulation of flow and transport processes in fractured-porous media requires a set of parameters to describe rock heterogeneity. Suitable methods for determining them are discussed. Kolditz presents an in-depth discussion of suitable approaches to model hydraulic processes. Discrete fracture models, hybrid fracture-porosity models, and multi-continuum-models are reviewed and their applicability and limitations are discussed.
This german language text addresses civil engineers, hydrology and water resources professionals, hydrogeologists and physicists interested in computational aspects of geophysical problems. A very valuable resource for those interested in hydraulic properties of fractured-porous media.
Inhaltsverzeichnis top ↑
Flow, contaminant and heat transport in fractured rock. An English summary V
1 Einleitung 1
1.1 Kluftgesteine 2
1.2 Geothermische Energie aus Tiefengesteinen 6
1.3 Schadstoffdeponie im Kluftgestein 7
2 Modellbildung 9
2.1 Modelltheoretische Grundlagen 9
2.2 Modellkonzepte für hydrogeologische Systeme 10
2.3 Allgemeine mikroskopische Bilanzgleichung 14
2.4 Makroskopische Bilanzgleichungen 16
2.5 Konstitutive Beziehungen 22
2.6 Transportmechanismen 26
2.7 Chemische Reaktionssysteme 28
2.8 Modellgleichungen für klüftig-poröse Medien 33
2.8.1 Poröse Medien 33
2.8.2 Klüftige Medien 40
2.8.3 Austauschprozesse in klüftig-porösen Medien 48
2.9 Hybrid-Modell des klüftig-porösen Mediums 50
3 Berechnungsverfahren 51
3.1 Analytische Methoden 51
3.2 Numerische Methoden 53
3.2.1 Finite-Elemente-Methode 55
3.2.2 Zeitdiskretisierung 63
3.2.3 Stabilität und Konsistenz diskreter Näherungsverfahren 64
4 Einzel- und Parallelkluft-Modelle 71
4.1 Literaturübersicht 71
4.2 Kluftströmune 81
4.2.1 Brunnenhydraulik 81
4.2.2 Nichtlineare Fließgesetze 86
4.2.3 Strömungskanalisierung in Klüften 90
4.3 Dispersionsfreie Näherung 91
4.4 Hydrodynamische Dispersion 94
4.5 Dispersiver Transport in geschichteten Aquiferen 105
4.6 Matrixdiffusion 110
4.6.1 Analytische Modelle 110
4.6.2 Numerische Modelle 115
4.6.3 Dimensionalitätseffekt der Matrixwärmediffusion 126
4.6.4 Matrixdiffusion im geklüfteten Tongestein 130
5 Kluftnetzwerk-Modelle 137
5.1 Literaturübersicht 137
5.2 2-D Kluftnetzwerk-Matrix-Modelle 153
5.3 3-D Kluftnetzwerk-Matrix-Modelle 157
5.3.1 Standortstudie: Soultz-sous-Forêts (F) 158
5.3.2 Standortstudie: Rosemanowes (UK) 164
6 Kontinuum-Modelle 175
6.1 Literaturübersicht 175
6.2 Einkontinuum-Modelle 178
6.2.1 2-D Kontinuum-Modelle 178
6.2.2 3-D Kontinuum-Modelle 183
6.3 Mehrkontinua-Modelle 186
7 Dichteströmungen 189
7.1 Modellgleichungen 190
7.2 Hydrothermale Konvektion 194
7.3 Salzwasserintrusion 202
7.4 Thermohaline Konvektion 207
Anlagen 211
Anlage 1: Hydraulische Eigenschaften von Festgesteinen 211
Anlage 2: Mikroskopische Energiebilanzierung 215
Anlage 3: Analytische Transportmodelle für Kluft-Matrix-Systeme 218
Anlage 4: Datenbasis zur Modellierung 233
Literaturverzeichnis 239
Sachverzeichnis 255
Symbolverzeichnis 259