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Simone M. Silva; Richard N. Pienaar:

Benthic Marine Cyanophyceae from Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa

2000. VII , 456 pages, 219 figures, 63 tables, 22x14cm, 850 g
Sprache: Englisch

(Bibliotheca Phycologica, Band 107)

ISBN 978-3-443-60034-1, paperback, Preis: 98.00 €

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Inhalte
Abstract
Contents
Abstract
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The marine Cyanophyceae of southern Africa are poorly known. Several marine substrata, along the Kwa-Zulu Natal Coast (South Africa) have been examined for cyanophytes. Enrichment cultures were prepared using Provasoli's enriched culture medium, and incubated under 20°C and 2Omumol.m-2 sect. Sixty-six taxa were identified. Eight failed to grow in either enrichment or unialgal cultures. Two of these were studied based only on the enrichment cultures and six only on the wild material. The sixty-six taxa belong to three orders, fourteen families and thirty-four genera.

Fifteen genera (Cyanosarcina, Chlorogloca, Chamaecalyx, Stanieria, Chroococcidiopsis, Solentia, Cyanosaccus, Hyella, cf. Pleurocapsa, cf. Borzia, Pseudanabaena, Limnothrix, Leptolyngbya, Kyrtuthrix, Trichormus) and thirty species [Glocothece cf. rupestris, Aphanocapsa concharum, A. Iitoralis, Chamaecalyx (Dermocarpella algarvensis), Stanieria cf. cyanosphaera, S. sublitoralis, Xenococcus cf. pyriformis, Cyanosaccus piriformis, Hyella cf. immanis, Leptolyngbya cf. antarctica, L. cf. lurida, L. norvegica, Phormidium cf. boryanum, Geitlerinema cf. exile, G. Iemmermannii, Porphyrosiphon martensianus f rupestris, Symploca atlantica, S. funicularis, Hydrocoleum confluens, H. Iyngbyaccum, Microcoleus cf: tenerrimus, Oscillatoria cf. willed, Spirulina labyrinthiformis, S. meneghiniana, Kyrtuthrix maculans, Scytonema cf. arcangeli, Calotrix cf. pilosa, C. scopulorum, Nostoc cf. minutum and Trichormus cf. subtropicus ] are recorded for the first time in South Africa.

The taxa isolated into unialgal cultures were studied under selected photon flux densities and temperature conditions and the morphology and size of the specimens were studied. Twenty-nine percent of the specimens displayed morphological variation, in addition to size variation and the remaining taxa exhibited size variation of different structures such as vegetative cells, heterocytes and akinetes. Most of the differences were statistically tested and they were significant at the 5% level.

This study strongly shows that some characteristics used in the taxonomy of the Cyanophyceae are not stable and may vary depending on the environmental/cultural conditions under which the specimen grows.

Contents
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1. Introduction 1

1.1 The Class Cyanophyceae Sachs 1

1.2 Morphological Variability of Cyanophyceae and the Taxonomic
Implications 4

1.3 Research on Marine Cyanophyceae 13

1.4 Literature on South African Cyanophyceae 14

1.4.1 General Comments on Freshwater Species 14

1.4.2 Literature Review on Marine Species 15

2. Materials and Methods 17

2.1 Study Area 17

2.2 Sampling 17

2.3 Culture Studies 19

2.3.1 Enrichment Culture 19

Culture Medium 19

Growth Conditions 20

2.3.2 Isolation into Unialgal Cultures 20

2.4 Identification of the Species of Cyanophyceae 22

2.4.1 Investigation of Movement and Phototactic Response of Nanocytes 22

2.4.2 Identification 23

2.5 Culture Studies under Selected Irradiance and Temperature
Conditions 24

2.5.1 Irradiance and Temperature Gradient Plate 24

2.5.2 Statistical Analysis of Data 25

3. Results 26

Order Chroococcaceae Wettstein 43

Aphanothece microscopica Nägeli 43

Aphanothece microspora (Meneghini) Rabenhorst 52

Aphanothece sp. 57

Gloeothece cf. rupestris (Lyngbye) Bornet 63

Aphanocapsa concharum Hansgirg 68

Aphanocapsa litoralis Hansgirg 72

Aphanocapsa sp1 77

Aphanocapsa sp2 81

Chroococcus cf. turgidus (Kützing) Nägeli 86

Cyanosarcina sp. 92

Chlorogloea sp. 98

Chamaecalyx (Dermocarpella algarvensis) Ardre 103

Stanieria cf. cyanosphaera (Kómarek et Hindák Kómarek et Anagnostidis 110

Stanieria sublitoralis (Lindstedt) Anagnostidis et Pantazidou 116

Chroococcidiopsis sp1 122

Chroococcidiopsis sp2 129

Myxosarcina cf. concinna Printz 135

Myxosarcina sp1 142

Myxosarcina sp2 150

xenococcus cf. kerneri Hansgirg 156

Xenococcus cf. pyriformis Setchell et Gardner 162

Solentia sp. 169

Cyanosaccus piriformis Lukas et Golubic 173

Hyella cf. immanis Al-Thukair et Golubic 181

Hyella sp. 187

cf. Pleurocapsa sp1 196

cf. Pleurocapsa sp2 202

cf. Pleurocapsa sp3 208

Order Oscillatoriales Elenkin 215

cf. Borzia sp1 216

cf. Borzia sp2 220

Pseudanabaena sp. 226

Limnothrix sp. 231

Leptolyngbya cf. antarctica (W. et G.S.West) Anagnostidis et Kómarek 237

Leptolyngbya cf. eIurida (Gomont) Anagnostidis et Kómarek 243

Leptolynagbya norvegica (Gomont) Anagnostidis et Kómarek 248

Leptolyngbya tenuis (Gomont) Anagnostidis et Kómarek 253

Phormidium cf. autumnale (C. Agardh) Gomont 260

Phormidium cf. boryanum (Bory ex Gomont) Anagnostidis et Kómarek 265

Phormidium breve (Kützing ex Gomont) Anagnostidis et Kómarek 268

Phormidium okeni (C.Agardh ex Gomont) Anagnostidis et Kómarek 272

Geitlerinema amphibium (C.Agardh ex Gomont) Anagnostidis 279

Geitlerinema cf. exile (Skuja) Anagnostidis 284

Geitlerinema lemmermannii (Wolosz.) Anagnostidis 289

Porphyrosiphon martensianus (Meneghini ex Gomont) Anagnostidis et
Kómarek, frupestris Fremy 295

Symploca atlantica Gomont 300

Symploca funicularis Setchell et Gardner 306

Hydrocoleum confluens (Setchell et Gardner) Drouet 312

Hydrocoleum lyngbyaceum Kützing ex Gomont 315

Hydrocoleum sp 317

Microcoleus chthonoplastes Thuret ex Gomont 323

Microcoleus cf. tenerrimus Gomont 325

Oscillatoria cf. willei Gardner em. Drouet 330

Oscillatoria sp 335

Lyngbya confervoides C. Agardh ex Gomont 341

Lyngbya limnetica Lemmermann 346

Spirulina labyrinthiformis Meneghini ex Gomont 352

Spirulina meneghiniana Zanardini ex Gomont 356

Spirulina subsalsa Oersted ex Gomont 361

Order Nostocales (Borzi) Geitler 367

Kyrtuthrix maculans (Gomont) Umezaki 368

Scytonema cf. arcangeli Bornet et Flahault 372

Scytonema seagriefana Welsh 376

Calothrix cf. pilosa Harvey ex Bornet et Flahault 381

Calothrix scopulorum C. Agardh ex Bornet et Flahault 389

Nodularia harveyana Thuret ex Bornet et Flahault 399

Nostoc cf. minutum Desmazieres 407

Trichormus cf. subtropicus (Gardner) Kómarek et Anagnostidis 413

4. Discussion 425

Appendix 1 429

References 430