Cerpolex was just a travel agency until halfway the 1990s. If you
wanted to go to the northernmost Eurasian continental cape on the
Taimyr peninsula, or to the North Pole itself, you could book your
journey through this Paris-based agency. Cerpolex (= Cercle Polaire
Expéditions; or polar circle expeditions) then happened to stumble
upon mammoth remains and on the people that discovered them. Its
director, Mr. Bernard Buigues, became one of the most dedicated
supporters of mammoth research after he met with a Dolgan family - the
Jarkovs - that discovered a deep-frozen woolly proboscidian carcass.
For a man who regularly ships tourists to the earth's summit, the
retrieval of a frozen mammoth carcass was not just another business
deal, it became a temptation. And when Buigues' sense for business
came together with Dick Mol's love for the mammoth, a team was born
that so far did more than anyone else to obtain mammoth material for
scientific study. Mol, an amateur palaeontologist as well as a man who
can do with only four hours of sleep, is the incarnation of
mammoutophilia. Buigues and Mol rescued the Jarkov mammoth,
re-discovered the Fishhook mammoth, and collected thousands of other
Pleistocene and Holocene megamamals from a region you and I would
never choose as a holiday destination: the Siberian far north.
They successfully raised money and assembled a team of scientists from
various countries to help them analyse the finds and to do research
into Late Pleistocene ecology. One of these scientists, Dr. R.-D.
Kahlke of the Senckenberg-connected Institute of Quaternary
Paleontology in Weimar, Germany, wrote this handsome little book on
the Siberian larger mammals together with Dick Mol. Even though
written in German, and counting less than one hundred pages, the
volume is full of highly readable information, it is scientifically
interesting and packed with enough information to keep the layman and
the scientist awake. It mixes stories of the far north and its
climatic harshness with the latest information on Pleistocene
palaeoecology. Beautiful photographs of the endless and lush Taimyr
landscape make you wish to join the party, until you suddenly read the
casual fact that the ambient temperature the scientists work in is
below 40 degrees Celsius! The storehouse where the expedition keeps
its finds is not just a normal cellar of the type found everywhere
around the globe, it is a 'Lednik', a cave dug into the permafrost
where temperatures below 20 degrees Celsius preserve the material from
deterioration.
We read about the history of the genus Mammuthus; about the other
mammals that accompanied the mammoth in its particular ecosystem
(called the mammoth steppe) and the ones that surprisingly did not
(the woolly rhinoceros had a rather more choosy habitat preference);
about the vegetation that grew in situ and that was found in the
frozen intestines of the carcasses; about the beauty and the harshness
of the Taimyr landscape. Please note: the Taimyr peninsula may seem a
rather unsignificant spur extruding from the Russian continent, it is
in fact two-and-a-half times the size of Germany! Travel does not go
by car or by train as there are neither roads nor railways. Travel
goes either by helicopter or by foot. Expedition crews eat frozen
reindeer meat. And they rejoice when - after sometimes several weeks
of walking and collecting and chewing Rangifer cutlets - they hear the
sound of the MI8 chopping its way towards them through the frozen
heavens.
Scientifically most interesting is the last chapter. The ultimate goal
of the Cerpolex/Mammuthus expeditions is to increase knowledge of the
Late Pleistocene ecosystem and of the reasons why the
'Mammuthus/Coelodonta faunal complex' (that is: the association of
Late Pleistocene mammals living in the mammoth steppe ecosystem)
became largely extinct. Reindeer, moose and musk-oxen have survived,
but mammoths, woolly rhinos, giant elks, cave bears, cave lions,
sabertooth tigers, steppe bisons, and others have perished. Why?
Climate change? Human over-hunting? Lethal disease? The answer is not
yet given, but it may comprise elements of each suggestion. We need
expeditions like the Cerpolex/Mammuthus Expedition to obtain material
for further study. We need people like Buigues and Mol to organise
such undertakings. We need scientists like Kahlke and Mol to convey
information to the general public. And we need books like this one to
convince us of the usefulness of the work. Please do not feel
reluctant because of the German language it is written in: there is so
much information in this tome that it worth a buy anyway.
To end this review, I cannot ignore the most hilarious printing error
I have ever seen. The first sentence of the text describes how the ice
crystals on the walls of the frosty Lednik shine as a result of the
illumination by a spotlight. A spotlight in German is 'Scheinwerfer'.
The sentence, however, describes how the ice crystals shine in the
light of a 'Schweinwerfer'. In English this literally translates as a
pig-thrower. The simple erroneous addition of a 'w' creates a
swine-throwing device to illuminate the remains of the Jarkov mammoth.
A wonderful book.
Jelle W.F. Reumer
PalArch - July 2006
Please click the following link to see the review:
www.PalArch.nl