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54 species of lichenicolous heterobasidiomycetes are currently known, amongst which 41 species are described as new (see table of contents) and 6 species are left unnamed. They belong to the genera Biatoropsis Räsänen (1 species), Chionosphaera Cox (2 species), Cystobasidium (Lagerh.) Neuhoff (2 species), Syzygospora Martin (3 species) and Tremella Pers. (46 species). All species except those of Chionosphaera seem to be restricted to a monophyletic group of host lichens. Most tax'a appear to be cosmopolitan, i. e. they exist in all regions of the world where the hosts are common. In the descriptions, special emphasis is given to the anamorphs; a previously unknown type of conidia, for which the new term asteroconidia is introduced, is present in a number of taxa; Tremella species with asteroconidia may well belong to a distinct genus, but cultural studies should be carried out before taking such a decision.