Diversity of the huntsman spiders in the Himalaya. Radiation of two
genera in the snow-tropics (Araneae: Sparassidae: Heteropodinae). The
subfamily Heteropodinae is partly revised in the Himalaya and in
neighbouring mountains. Three new genera are recognized: Sinopoda
(JÄGER 1999b), Pseudopoda and Bhutaniella (JÄGER 2000). The two latter
genera are analysed intensively. Determination keys are proposed for
genera, species-groups and species. Pseudopoda contains eleven
described and 49 new species: P. abnormis sp. n., P. albolineata
sp. n., P. albonotata sp. n., P. alta sp. n., P. ausobskyi sp. n.,
P. biapicata sp. n., P. birmanica sp. n., P. brauni sp. n., P. casaria
(SIMON 1897), P. chauki sp. n., P. chulingensis sp. n., P. cuneata
sp. n., P. dama sp. n., P. damana sp. n., P. dao sp. n., P. dhulensis
sp. n., P. diversipunctata sp. n., P. everesta sp. n., P. exigua (FOX
1938), P. exiguoides (SONG & ZHU 1999), P. gogona sp. n., P. grahami
(FOX 1936), P. grasshoffi sp. n., P. heteropodoides sp. n.,
P. hingstoni sp. n., P. hirsuta sp. n., P. huberti sp. n., P. hyatti
sp. n., P. intermedia sp. n., P. jirensis sp. n., P. kalinchoka
sp. n., P. khimtensis sp. n., P. kullmanni sp. n., P. latembola
sp. n., P. lushanensis (WANG 1990), P. marmorea sp. n., P. marsupia
(WANG 1991), P. martensi sp. n., P. martinae sp. n., P. megalopora
sp. n., P. minor sp. n., P. monticola sp. n., P. parvipunctata sp. n.,
P. platembola sp. n., P. prompta (O. P.-CAMBRIDGE 1885) (type
species), P. rufosulphurea sp. n., P. schawalleri sp. n.,
P. schwendingeri sp. n., P. signata sp. n., P. sinopodoides sp. n.,
P. spiculata (WANG 1990), P. taibaischana sp. n., P. thorelli sp. n.,
P. tinjura sp. n., P. triapicata sp. n., P. trisuliensis sp. n.,
P. varia sp. n., P. virgata (FOX 1936), P. zhangmuensis (HU & LI
1983), P. zhejiangensis (ZHANG & KIM 1996). 42 species can be
associated with one of the six species-groups diversipunctata-,
latembola-, martensi-, parvipunctata-, prompta- and
schwendingeri-group), systematic position of further 18 remains
open. Bhutaniella contains two described and four new species:
Bhutaniella dunlopi sp. n., B. gruberi sp. n., B. haenggii sp. n.,
B. hillyardi JÄGER 2000 (type species), B. rollardae sp. n.,
B. sikkimensis (GRAVELY 1931). Horizontal and vertical distribution is
shown for genera, species-groups and species.
Within Pseudopoda and Heteropodinae evolutional trends are
recognizable by means of genital organs of males and
females. Systematic positions of genera and species-groups are
discussed by means of results from taxonomy and
zoogeography. Evolution of Pseudopoda in the Himalaya is recognized as
typical mountains-radiation. Multiple, parallel migration within
Pseudopoda along the Himalayan mountain chain is suggested.
Torania SIMON 1886 and Panaretidius SIMON 1906 are junior synonyms of
Heteropoda LATREILLE 1804 NEW SYNONYMIES, thus from each type species
results the following transfers: Heteropoda gloriosa (SIMON 1880)
COMB. NOV. und Heteropoda boutani (SIMON 1906) COMB. NOV. Lectotypes
of the following species are designated: Heteropoda boutani (SIMON
1906) COMB. NOV., Heteropoda tetrica THORELL 1897, Pseudopoda casaria
(SIMON 1897).
Additionally, worldwide distribution maps for sparassid subfamilies are presented. Determination keys for Asian subfamilies of the Sparassidae and all known genera of the Heteropodinae in Asia, Africa and Australia are proposed.
Keywords: Sparassidae, Pseudopoda, Bhutaniella, taxonomy, systematics,
Himalaya, radiation