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Sustainable Management of River Oases along the Tarim River/China (SuMaRiO)

Ed.: Bernd Cyffka; Markus Disse; Florian Betz

2021. XI, 208 pages, 126 figures, 32 tables, 19x27cm, 870 g
Langue: English

(Konzepte für die nachhaltige Entwicklung einer Flusslandschaft, Band 13)

ISBN 978-3-510-65432-1, bound, Prix: 49.90 €

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Mots-clefs

Xinjiang • Northwest China • ecosystem • floodplain • hydrology • River basin • agriculture • water management

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Synopsis Haut de page ↑

This book discusses approaches to sustainable management of river oases along the Tarim River located in Xinjiang (northwest China).

The Tarim Basin is one of the most arid regions in the world. Surrounded by the high mountain of Tian Shan, Kunlun and Pamir, the Taklamakan Desert dominates the landscape. The Tarim River originating from the snow and glacier melt in the mountains is the only relevant source of freshwater in this extreme environment – both for anthropogenic needs in agriculture Sustainable Management of River Oases and urban areas and the natural ecosystems of the Tarim River floodplains.

Since the 1960s, the Chinese government has been promoting the development of the western provinces of China. Demographic development and socio-economic changes led to a rapid change of land use, which has substantially affected the quantity and quality of arable land, surface and ground water and impaired natural ecosystems and their ability to provide relevant ecosystem services. In particular, presently there is a conflict between water demand for agricultural irrigation and natural riparian vegetation – a conflict that might intensify in future due to climate change.

Against this background, 11 German and 6 Chinese universities and research institutes have formed the SuMaRiO consortium (Sustainable Management of River Oases along the Tarim River) to investigate sustainable water- and land-management strategies for the region.

Here, the authors of the SuMaRiO project summarize the key results of 5 years of interdisciplinary research conducted by this consortium within the ‘Sustainable Land Management’ program of the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. They present specific results from the different work packages on climatology, hydrology, ecology, agricultural sciences, social sciences and economics. Furthermore, this book introduces the interdisciplinary research approach of the entire consortium, which has resulted in comprehensive policy recommendations for sustainable water- and land management and a decision support system, which is based on the results of the study. The authors present an example of how interdisciplinary aspects and international cooperation are able to contribute to sustainable development in complex socio-ecological environments.

Besprechung in WasserWirtschaft (Nummer 7-8, 111. Jahrgang,2021,ISSN 0043 0978) Haut de page ↑

Dieses Buch diskutiert Ansätze zum nachhaltigen Management von Flussoasen entlang des Tarim-Flusses in Xinjiang, Nordwestchina. Das Tarim-Becken ist eine der trockensten Regionen der Welt.

Umgeben von den Hochgebirgen Tian Shan, Kunlun und Pamir, dominiert die Taklamakan-Wüste die Landschaft. Der Tarim-Fluss, der aus der Schnee- und Gletscherschmelze in den Bergen entspringt, ist die einzige relevante Süßwasserquelle in dieser extremen Umgebung. Seit den 1960er-Jahren hat die chinesische Regierung die Entwicklung der westlichen Provinzen Chinas gefördert. Die Entwicklung hat v. a. zu einem Konflikt zwischen dem Wasserbedarf für die landwirtschaftliche Bewässerung und der natürlichen Ufervegetation geführt.

Vor diesem Hintergrund haben sich 11 deutsche und 6 chinesische Universitäten und Forschungsinstitute zum SuMaRiO-Konsortium (Sustainable Management of River Oases along the Tarim River) zusammengeschlossen, um nachhaltige Wasser- und Landmanagementstrategien für die Region zu untersuchen.

Hier fassen die Autoren die wichtigsten Ergebnisse von fünf Jahren interdisziplinärer Forschung des SuMaRiO-Projekts zusammen und präsentieren spezifische Ergebnisse aus den verschiedenen Arbeitspaketen zu Klimatologie, Hydrologie, Ökologie, Agrarwissenschaften, Sozialwissenschaften und Ökonomie.

Table of Contents Haut de page ↑

1 Introduction 1


1.1 Setting the stage 1
1.2 Geographical overview of the Tarim Basin 4
1.2.1 General situation 4
1.2.2 Climate 5
1.2.3 Hydrology of the Tarim River 6
1.2.4 The natural riparian ecosystems along the Tarim River 8
1.2.5 The socio-economic domain 10
1.2.6 Environmental problems along the Tarim River 11

2 Transdisciplinary research 13


2.1 Transdisciplinary knowledge integration for assessing ecosystem
services 13
2.1.1 Introduction 13
2.1.2 Concepts 14
2.1.3 TDKI methods 15
2.1.4 Results 18
2.1.5 Lessons learnt about design of TDKI in China 24
2.2 Stakeholder management 27
2.2.1 Sino-German research context 27
2.2.3 Selection of stakeholders 29
2.2.4 Dialogue formats 29
2.2.5 Outcomes 31
2.2.6 Adaptive stakeholder management 31
2.2.7 Evaluation of stakeholder involvement 32
2.2.8 Lessons learned 32

3 Hydrology and climatology 33


3.1 Climate change and its impacts on Xinjiang 33
3.1.1 Datasets and methodology 33
3.1.2 Observed climate change and its impacts on Xinjiang from 1958–2017 35
3.1.3 Projected climate change and its impacts on Xinjiang during the 21st century 37
3.1.4 Impact of climate change on vegetation from 1982–2015 39
3.1.5 Terrestrial water storage changes across Xinjiang from 2002–2017 39
3.2 Characteristics and changes of the cryosphere in the Aksu-Tarim
Basin (Central Tien Shan) 41
3.2.1 Introduction 41
3.2.2 Snow cover 42
3.2.3 Permafrost and permafrost-related landforms 44
3.2.4 Glacier characteristics and changes 47
3.2.5 Discussion and conclusions 51
3.3 Hydrology of the Upper Tarim River 53
3.3.1 The Upper Tarim River Basin 53
3.3.2 Potential impacts of future climate change on water resources and analysis of
adaptation strategies 55
3.4 Interaction of groundwater and surface in the mesoscale catchment
Yingbazar 65

4 Biosphere 73


4.1 Ecology of riparian forests 73
4.1.1 Distribution, composition and life history of the riparian forests 73
4.1.2 Performance of Populus euphratica under the environmental conditions of the
Tarim Basin 76
4.1.3 Conclusions 85
4.2 Drivers of floodplain vegetation growth in the lower reaches of the
Tarim River 87
4.2.1 Introduction 87
4.2.2 Material and methods 88
4.2.3 Results 96
4.2.4 Discussion 100
4.2.5 Conclusion 101
4.3 Ecosystem Services of riparian forests 103
4.3.1 The ecosystem service approach 103
4.3.2 Carbon storage in natural riparian forests as ecosystem service 104
4.3.3 Sand drift mitigation as ecosystem service 108
4.3.4 Discussion and conclusion 111

5 Anthroposphere 115


5.1 Agriculture and irrigation in the Tarim Basin 115
5.1.1 Introduction 115
5.1.2 Soil and Land Information System for the Tarim Basin (SLISYS-Tarim) 116
5.1.3 Spatial estimation of cotton yield and above-ground biomass 117
5.1.4 Crop yield simulation with EPIC 126
5.1.5 Effect of plastic mulch 139
5.2 Sustainable land-use alternatives for the Tarim Basin 146
5.2.1 Introduction 146
5.2.2 Materials and methods 147
5.2.3 Results 151
5.2.4 Discussion 157
5.2.5 Conclusions 159

6 Results and Recommendations 161


6.1 Decision support system 161
6.1.1 Introduction 161
6.1.2 Materials and methods 162
6.1.3 Results and discussion 171
6.1.4 Conclusions 175
6.2 Policy recommendations 176
6.2.1 Introduction 176
6.2.2 Policy recommendations 176

7 SuMaRiO project highlights 181


7.1 SuMaRiO project findings 182

References 191