Changes in the frequency of facultative endosymbionts in insect populations: overview and applications
Hoffmann, Ary A.; Cooper, Brandon S.
Entomologia Generalis Volume 45 Number 2 (2025), p. 351 - 368
publié: May 22, 2025
publication en ligne: May 7, 2025
manuscrit accepté: Feb 17, 2025
révision final du manuscrit reçu: Jan 22, 2025
révision du manuscrit demandée: Jan 16, 2025
manuscrit reçu: Sep 28, 2024
DOI: 10.1127/entomologia/2025/3052
Open Access (article peut être télechargé gratuitement)
Abstract
Many insect endosymbionts are facultative from the host perspective, and their population frequencies across time and space will depend on their transmission fidelity and effects on host fitness. These effects and transmission rates in turn depend on the environmental and host genetic contexts where the endosymbionts occur. Endosymbionts like Wolbachia and Cardinium affect host reproduction to produce transient or persistent presence/absence polymorphisms, while other endosymbionts like Regiella and Hamiltonella persist through providing host fitness benefits and transmitting horizontally. Evolutionary changes in hosts and endosymbionts affect these impacts and endosymbiont polymorphisms in host populations and host sexes. We review this diversity of endosymbiont-host interactions and their influence on the usefulness of endosymbionts for applied strategies. Current strategies focus on endosymbionts driving useful traits to fixation (particularly Wolbachia suppression of arbovirus transmission by mosquitoes) or endosymbionts suppressing populations due to infected males sterilising females. Transinfected endosymbionts sourced from one species and microinjected into another have proven effective in these Wolbachia-mosquito strategies. Novel strategies involving transinfected Rickettsiella, Regiella and Wolbachia may decrease the impacts of pest invertebrates by suppressing pest numbers, reducing the capacity of vector hosts to transmit plant viral diseases or bolstering the effectiveness of natural enemies. Because many endosymbionts are already present in the environment, their applied use raises fewer safety concerns when compared to genetic modification, as supported by more than 13 years of field experiences with Wolbachia in mosquitoes that have not raised major concerns.
Mots-clefs
endosymbiont •
fitness •
release •
incompatibility •
virus •
biocontrol •
Wolbachia
•
Regiella