Beitrag
Genomic analysis uncovers the evolutionary dynamics of sex-determining genes in Hymenoptera
Zhuge, Junhao; Xu, Zhenghao; He, Chun; Chen, Xueliang; Chen, Yaoyao; Ye, Xinhai
Entomologia Generalis Volume 45 Number 3 (2025), p. 807 - 815
veröffentlicht: Aug 19, 2025
Online veröffentlicht: Jun 2, 2025
Manuskript akzeptiert: Apr 9, 2025
Manuskript-Revision erhalten: Apr 7, 2025
Manuskript-Revision angefordert: Feb 6, 2025
Manuskript erhalten: Dec 5, 2024
ArtNo. ESP146004503019, Preis: 29.00 €
Abstract
Sex determination is a fundamental biological process that directs the developmental pathway toward a male or female phenotype. In Hymenoptera insects, this process follows a haplodiploid system, with key genes such as transformer (tra), transformer-2 (tra2), and doublesex (dsx) playing central regulatory roles. Despite their importance, the evolutionary dynamics of these genes across Hymenoptera species remain poorly understood. Recent advances and the accumulation of high quality genomic and transcriptomic data now provide a robust basis for in-depth investigation of this question. In this study, we performed a comprehensive genome-wide identification and analysis of tra, tra2, and dsx genes in 26 hymenopteran species, spanning major species including sawflies, wasps, ants, and bees. Our analysis revealed significant sequence divergence, structural diversification, and rapidly evolved gene synteny for these genes across species. Overall, all sex-determining genes exhibited rapid evolution, with the evolution of tra2 being more conserved compared to the tra and dsx. We identified a strong co-evolutionary relationship between TRA and TRA2, supporting their conserved interaction in sex determination pathway. Our findings highlight the rapid evolution of sex-determining genes in Hymenoptera and provide novel insights into the evolutionary patterns of these genes, laying the foundation for future research on sex determination.
Schlagworte
Sex determination •
Comparative genomics •
Transformer(tra)
•
Transformer-2(tra2)
•
Doublesex (dsx)
•
bee •
ant