Beitrag
Temperature inversions in Austria in a warming climate – changes in space and time
Hiebl, Johann; Schöner, Wolfgang
Meteorologische Zeitschrift Vol. 27 No. 4 (2018), p. 309 - 323
41 Literaturangaben
veröffentlicht: Nov 16, 2018
Online veröffentlicht: Aug 2, 2018
Manuskript akzeptiert: May 30, 2018
Manuskript-Revision erhalten: Apr 3, 2018
Manuskript-Revision angefordert: Jan 12, 2018
Manuskript erhalten: Dec 6, 2017
Open Access (Arbeit kann kostenlos heruntergeladen werden)
Abstract
Alpine valleys and forelands are prone to near-surface air temperature inversions, particularly during the cold season, that affect both environment and society through altered values of frost occurrence, snow cover duration, incoming radiation, pollutant dispersion, etc. In order to examine trends in inversion occurrence and intensity across Austria for the period 1961–2017, we exploit a gridded observational dataset of daily minimum temperature. On average over the 1961–1990 period, inversions occur on 21 ± 5 % of all days (mean value and area standard deviation) with typical intensities (vertical temperature gradients) of 0.31 ± 0.06 K/100 m, magnitudes (vertical temperature contrasts) of 1.9 ± 0.4 K and layer thicknesses of 550 ± 80 m. We present regional, seasonal and decadal variations in inversion parameters. Inversion formation is facilitated by below-average temperatures in winter and high air pressure in autumn in particular. The main result is that the occurrence of an inversion day has become less likely(−11 ± 17 %) over the period 1961–2017, accompanied by decreases in both intensities (−0.02 ± 0.03 K/100 m) and magnitudes (−0.3 ± 0.2 K). Changes are statistically significant in southern and central Austria. The average thicknesses of inversion layers, however, remained largely unchanged. Inversion decline is seasonally most pronounced in October, December and January (in contrast to November and February) and may regionally have induced excessive warming at low altitudes in these months.
Schlagworte
temperature inversion • mountain climate • climate change • Alpine region • gridded observation dataset